SeventeenthDynasty, (15001100 BCE)Kidinuid dynastyIgehalkid dynastyUntash-Napirisha, Twenty-first Dynasty of EgyptSmendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II, Twenty-third Dynasty of EgyptHarsiese A Takelot II Pedubast I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Menkheperre Ini Krishna was the father of Abraham (Brahma). They eventually detached themselves from the Babylonian state and its urban centers, probably because they were unpaid or unprovisioned. There is only soft evidence about whether or not the Habiru are actually the Hebrews. The mosaic glass beakers are thought to have been heirlooms, possibly for ritual use the find spot being a temple. 1750-1650 BC), and next an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1650 BC. [7], Documentation of the Kassite period depends heavily on the scattered and disarticulated tablets from Nippur, where thousands of tablets and fragments have been excavated. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. To the east of the Hittite Empire, Mesopotamia was not ruled by a single state or empire during most of the Bronze Age. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. ''Some Shared Traditions Between Hana and the Kassites'', In Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael C. Astour on His 80th Birthday, 417-432.Potts, D. T. (2006). This negative find, compared with the hypothetical appearance of Kassite names in the documents from Old Babylonian Susa, may strengthen the case for an eastern origin of the Kassites. While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. Ancient Orient Museum, Duck-shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim-Marduk, Kassite, from Babylon. In the 1st millennium the Kassites withdrew to the Zagros Mountains, where they opposed the eastward expansion of Assyrian power and paid tribute to Persia. . 10, 1980, pp. In the 207th letter Ipte praises Baal of the sun, for delivering him in battle against the Apiru. 4, 1965, pp. Copyright 2023 Wisdom-Advices | All rights reserved. 3, 1979, pp. . Nearing the end of the letter, the king states that if no archers are sent, then Jerusalem will fall to the Hapiru (same as Apiru). According to history, what we do know is that they first appeared as a military force in the time of Samsuiluna (1749-1712 BC), Hammurapi's successor, but that is all we know about them until the time that they established a dynasty in Babylonia, around 1595 BC. https://www.worldhistory.org/kassite/. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). J. van Dijk, Die dynastischen Heiraten zwischen Kassiten und Elamern: eine verhngnisvolle Politik, Orientalia, N.S. Before entering Mesopotamia they were illiterate mountain people speaking a language that is not known today. Kassite period. G. Dosch and K. Deller, Die Familie Kizzuk - sieben Kassitengenerationen in Temtena und uriniwe, in M. A. Morrison, and D. I. Owen, eds., Studies on the Civilization and Culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians in Honor of Ernest R. Lacheman on his 75th Birthday, Winona Lake, 1981, pp. [3], The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even to the point of linking it to Sanskrit. Volume 1 Kardunia. The Incredible Bible - First in the BKA Series. A. Belmonte Marn, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Texte aus Syrien im 2. The Kassites: An ancient Near Eastern people, the Kassites ruled Babylonia from from 1531 BC to 1155 BC after the fall of the First Babylonian Empire. In the time of Old Babylonia they were hired mercenaries for the state and also formed bands of outlaw rebels against the state. Already at that time they could purchase land and acted as officials, especially in horse breeding (Heinz, 1995, p. 167). 1360 to 1220 BCE. This God held this position for many years after Kassite rule hand ended. 23. The event is recorded in Genesis 12. The Kushites are the Nilo-Saharan peoples who contributed their binary worldview to the ancient Afro-Asiatic world. It is possible that the Habiru in the Amarna Letters are a mix of Hebrews from Egypt and also local rebels from the previous Hebrew peoples, like Abraham was. What kind of government did the Kassites have? The Babylonian territory had experienced internal strife and rebellion and the people of Elam took advantage of this situation and conquered Babylon. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). The Hittites (/ h t a t s /) were an Anatolian people who played an important role in establishing first a kingdom in Kussara before 1750 BC, then the Kanesh or Nesha kingdom (ca. Bearded men, religious symbols, horned quadrupeds, and fauna are often shown in these images. Idem, rev. "Ur:" The Kassite Period and the Period of the Assyrian Kings"." The Bible makes many references to a people known as the "Cushites," implying they are the descendents of Noah's grandson Cush, who inhabited the "Land of Cush" in Old Testament times. that the plagues mentioned in the Book of Exodus from the Hebrew Bible . Archaeologists divide it into three periods, Early Kassite (pre c. 1415 BC), Middle Kassite (c 1415 BC - 1225 BC), and Late Kassite (c. 1225 BC - 1155 BC). (Kassites). 279-84. R. Zadok, The Origin of the Name Shinar, ZA 74, 1984, pp. Babylonia and the Bible, Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception, Vol 3. 3, 1973, pp. Why Did The Samaritan Woman At The Well Have So Many Marriages? "2. It was discovered in 1896 and is stored in the Cairo Museum currently. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. The Kassites - Bible History The Kassites You are here: Home Ancient Babylonia Old Babylonian Period (2000 - 1595 BC) The Kassites Just exactly who The Kassites were, and anything about their origins and history, is very obscure. There were 36 kings in this dynasty ruling 576 years and 9 months. Five prominent individuals and several places in Inner Media had Kassite names. Their direct or indirect ties to the Middle Euphrates region enhanced their communication with the Hittites who controlled parts of northern Syria, so they might have been instrumental in enabling the temporary conquest of Babylon by the Hittite king Telipinu, who put an end to Hammurabis dynasty in 1595 BCE and eventually gave way for the Kassite rule in Babylonia. See also IRAN vii. The Kassites, the ancient Near Eastern people who seized power in Babylonia following the fall of the first Babylonian Dynasty and subsequently went on to rule it for some three hundred and fifty years during the late bronze age, possessed a pantheon of gods but few are known beyond the laconic mention in the theophoric element of a name. This article is available in print.Vol. Web. Aarhus Univ. 24 f., 33 f., 38 f., 45, 54, 57, 66 f., 68 ff., 82 ff., 92 ff.). "Kassite." Idem, Peoples from the Iranian Plateau in Babylonia during the Second Millennium B.C., Iran 25, 1987, pp. The world of the Bible is knowable. They date the fall of Babylon to ca. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. 160 f.; also > Kunu-; cf. In most of the pertinent filiations the father has a Kassite, and the son a Babylonian, name. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. The Kassites left no cultural impact in Babylonia. Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. However, P. Huber (1999-2000) rejects the astronomical evidence adduced by Gurzadyan (in Gasche et al., 1998, pp. 14151155 BCE." Their religion revolved around worship of three major gods, one for . 850-98. Jt. (2015). Kassites are recorded in Media during the first half of the first millennium BCE (see Zadok, 2002, pp. . Unlike conquerors who preceded them, the Kassites do not seem to have been considered a foreign and intrusive element by the Babylonians in the post-Kassite period and later. This should come at no surprise given the nature of god/goddess worship within the land. [21] At the site of Isin, which had been abandoned after the time of Samsu-iluna, major rebuilding work occurred on the religious district including the temple of Gula. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. A people called the Kassites conquered Babylonia in about 1600 bce. [47] What is known is that their language was not related to either the Indo-European language group, nor to Semitic or other Afro-Asiatic languages, and is most likely to have been a language isolate, although some linguists have proposed a link to the Hurro-Urartian languages of the Armenian highlands and Northern Mesopotamia. This garden was cited as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by the historian Herodotus. (paternal name) seem to be the only ones which resemble names with relevance to Kassites (cf. "People Praying on Stone: Identity in Kassite Babylonian Seals, ca. 1499-1503. There is a striking parallel in the #287 and #290 Amarna letters referring to Abdi-Heba of Jerusalem. - C., Burna-Buriash Ier ensures its . [22] After the Kassite dynasty was overthrown in 1155 BC, the system of provincial administration continued and the country remained united under the succeeding rule, the Second Dynasty of Isin.[23]. What Are The Names of the Thieves Crucified With Christ. XVI, Fasc. 287-90. Volume 1 Kardunia. A.. "1. The Bible is not specific as to the exact date. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. 135-38. Kassite rulers built temples to Babylonian deities. The Kassites, a tribe from the Zagros mountains in present-day Iran, arrived in Babylonia and filled a vacuum left by the Hittite invasion. Van De Mieroop, 2003, pp. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. First mentioned in the Bible is the record of Genesis 10:8-10 which names Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of the city in the dim prehistoric past. In tablet #149, Abi-Milku praises Pharaoh and compares him to Sun god. KASSITES, a people who probably originated in the Zagros and who ruled Babylonia in the 16th-12th centuries BCE. Therefore it is clear that the King List includes ancestors of the Kassite kings (cf. The governor of Nippur was in charge of an economic organization, which collected numerous agricultural deliveries and imposts from broad parts of Babylonia. The Kassites took refuge in the mountains but were brought down and resettled, in standard Assyrian practice, in Hardispi and Bit Kubatti, which were made part of the Arrapha district. His body was never found and also coincidentally there was no chariots available for other wars for quite a while after that. The letters M-S in ancient Egyptian mean to come from. Idem, The Representation of Foreigners in Neo- and Late-Babylonian Legal Documents (Eighth-Second Centuries B.C.E. The new rulers, non-Babylonians known as Kassites, adopted Babylonian conventions in their royal iconography and inscriptions. [13] In total, about 12,000 Kassite period documents have been recovered, of which only around 10% have been published. Leiden: BRILL. 263 f. with lit.). B. 44 f., 59). [56], Seals were used widely across the Near Eastern kingdoms during the Kassite rule. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp. They continued to refer to such units after they had taken control over cities. Jahresband, 1969, pp. This time period is the same time period we read about in Joshua and Judges (though, some scholars disagree on the exodus timing). atttacks Babylonia and takes the throne in 1224. Idem, The Ethno-Linguistic Character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Tel Aviv, 2002. "Archive und Bibliotheken in Babylon. 31-51. Idem, Sex, Age and Physical Condition Designations for Servile Laborers in the Middle Babylonian Period, in G. van Driel, T. J. H. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K. R. Veenhof, eds., Zikir umim: Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. Louvre Museum, reference AO 22355, (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi 159-70. The office of the governor was secular, but he could also serve as the high priest of the Enlil temple (Ekur) of Nippur. 6, no. Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clayden, Tim. Sulaymaniyah Museum, Detail, facade of Inanna's Temple at Uruk, Kassite, 15th century BCE. Learn how your comment data is processed. [5] The chief gods, titular gods of the kings, were Shuqamuna and Shumaliya. Tukulti-Ninurta of Assyria conquered Babylon in 1225 B.C., but the Kassites survived Assyrian pressure until twelfth-century wars with Elam finally resulted in the end of their suzerainty. 17 ff. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur. Kassite period. J. 234-37; idem, 1984, pp. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". A. H. Podany, The Land of Hana: Kings, Chronology, and Scribal Tradition, Bethesda, Md., 2002. 15:7). Some kudurrus are kept in the Louvre in Paris and others in the National Museum of Iraq. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [31] The most notable of these efforts was the construction of a new city, Dur-Kuirgalzu. Les Kassites, un peuple antique qui n'tait ni indo-europen, ni smite, tait originaire du Lorestan. E. C. Cancik-Kirschbaum, Die mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall amad, Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall amad/Dr-Katlimmu (BATSH) 4, Texte 1, Berlin 1996. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. Its end is dated to 1150 BCE. Remember that Hebrews existed before the Egyptian captivity. 1, 1989, pp. It does not store any personal data. The rulers of the successive three post-Kassite dynasties (ca. The king at the time of Joshuas invasion was Adoni-zedek (Joshua 10:1-3), which would have had to come after Abdi-Heba since Joshua overtook southern and northern Palestine (Joshua 10-11). The rulers of Allabria, Hubukia, and Ginguhtu, regions in the direction of present-day West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, bore Kassite names (Ianzi-buria, Ianz, and Ursi respectively). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Iran 12.1 (1974): 99-124. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." The Kassites first appear as a political factor in Babylonia in 1742 (or 1741) BCE, when they were opposed by both Samsiluna and Rm-Sn Is (see Stol, 1975, pp. The Kassites seem to be relatively new to the region, in view of the fact that they do not appear among the peoples who inhabited the central and southern Zagros according to Sargonic and Ur III sources. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The documentation from Old Babylonian Susa would have strengthened the case for the Zagros as the original country of the Kassites, were it not limited, undated, and to some extent of questionable interpretation (Zadok, 1987, p. 16). 3 of the lines in the inscription refer to Canaanite lands/peoples. 47, 100, 102 ff., 115 ff., 122). (Bible Quiz), Journal of Ancient EgyptianInterconnections, Israel Mentioned in Egyptian Inscriptions, 15 Christian Leaders That Make More Money Getting Out Of Bed Than Youll Make All Year, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Neo Babylonian Period [626 - 529 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible, Where Archaeology Meets The Bible: Middle Babylonian Period [1000 625 BCE] | Dust Off The Bible. Charpin, 1995). Click here to find out more about this unique and fun Bible study tool! (Louvre, Paris; photo: Steven Zucker, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. A. How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? Goblets and wavy sided bowls are commonly found in Kassite pottery deposits. A. Brinkman, Kassiten (Kass), RLA, vol. Ghent and Chicago: The University of Ghent and The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. Christ was an incarnation of Yah-Veh. Wikimedia Balkan, 1954, p. 109). 251-54. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Most sukallu officials bore Kassite names as late as the period of the second Isin dynasty (see Brinkman, 1976-80, pp. Ghent, 1998. Iran 11.1 (1973): 1-27, Levine, Louis D. "Geographical Studies in the Neo-Assyrian ZagrosII." Thank you for your help! K. Nashef, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der mittelbabylonischen und mittelassyrischen Zeit, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 5, Wiesbaden, 1982. At least three toponyms in Mannea, another three in Gizilbunda, and one in eastern Media are explicable in Kassite terms. BIBL 410 W EEKLY S TUDY Q UESTION 4 One Blood/Introduction to Abraham Answer thoroughly the following questions based on this module/week's Reading & Study material: 1. The Hittites had carried off the idol of the god Marduk, but the Kassite rulers regained possession, returned Marduk to Babylon, and made him the equal of the Kassite Shuqamuna. 5 (197680, Miller, Jared L.. "3. Bibliography 257 Environment, Series II, Memoirs IV. Slavery was common, but not the dominant factor of the workforce. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. Some prebendaries in Babylonian temple cities bore Kassite ancestors names as late as the Achaemenid period (see Zadok, 2003, p. 482, with n. 6). Submitted by Jan van der Crabben, published on 03 August 2011. Almamori, Haider Oraibi and Bartelmus, Alexa. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). Third Interim Report, 1944-5," Iraq, VIII, 1946, von Saldern, Axel. During the 16th century BCE. 19, no. Mesopotamian History and We care about our planet! Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. However, tribal organization was not strange to the Babylonian society itself also in the Middle Babylonian period (see Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. 181). A stele (monument) from Egypt, dating back to 1208 BCE is the firs known inscription mentioning the nation of Israel. 2014. M. Bloomfield, On Some Alleged Indo-European Languages in Cuneiform Characters, AJSLL 25, 1904, pp. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 58, no. Updates? While it is hard sometimes to match particular events from the Amarna letters to exact biblical events from this time period, it is not hard to see that the land and culture in question is the same.
