The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained low. The results were published yesterday in JAMA Network Open. All adjustment variables were selected a priori based on prior work36. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birtheight integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. We used two different study designs: a primary design using a cohort analysis in which infants of vaccinated pregnant persons were compared with infants of unvaccinated pregnant persons. E. & Klein, N. P. Effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis. The mean age at pregnancy onset was 31.62 years (standard deviation of 4.66 years). All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Article Among 829 adults hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 49.4% were unvaccinated, compared with 69.5% during the Delta-predominant period (p<0.01). Article Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Children and COVID-19: state data report. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. 182, 825831 (2022). The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. *** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI = 2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. We examined the effectiveness of maternal vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection in 30,311 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 15, 2020, to May 31, 2022. Lipkind, H. S. et al. Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. Individual and neighborhood factors associated with failure to vaccinate against influenza during pregnancy. From this cohort, the study excluded the following infants born to (1) mothers who were not between ages 16 and 50 years at pregnancy onset; (2) mothers who did not have a primary KPNC facility assignment; (3) mothers who were not continuous KPNC members from December 15, 2020 until delivery; (4) mothers who had a positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to pregnancy onset; (5) mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test documented by KPNC prior to the onset of pregnancy; (6) mothers who received one or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine prior to pregnancy onset. Third, because immunocompromise status is not always known, it is not possible to distinguish between booster and additional doses; this could have influenced observed rates. About half of long-COVID patients who were on sick leave at 4 months were still on sick leave at 2 years. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2130479. J., Fireman. The population of unvaccinated adults is determined by subtracting the number of adults who received any dose of vaccine, as previously defined, from the population. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. Like all observational studies, our study results are susceptible to residual confounding. Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. N. Engl. Coinciding with Omicron variant predominance, COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults increased in late December 2021 and peaked in January 2022; rates increased more among Black adults relative to rates among adults of other racial and ethnic groups. Weekly COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates among U.S. infants and children aged 0-4 years have declined since the peak of January 8, 2022; however, peak rates during Omicron predominance were approximately five times those of the peak during Delta predominance. Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, as COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022, we identified 62,117 infants born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization. O.Z. Black adults accounted for a higher percentage of hospitalizations during the Omicron-predominant period (26.7%) than during the Delta-predominant period (22.2%, p = 0.05). mmwrq@cdc.gov. Weekly / March 25, 2022 / 71(12);466473. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, through building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. The proportion of hospitalized Black adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with or without a booster or additional dose increased from 4.7% and 14.9%, respectively, during the Delta-predominant period to 14.8% and 25.5%, respectively, during the Omicron-predominant period; Hispanic adults experienced smaller increases. Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. Annually, approximately 40,000 births occur at KPNC facilities. Relative to unvaccinated hospitalized patients, hospitalized vaccinees were more likely to be older (median age, 70 vs 58 years) and to have at least three underlying conditions (77.8% vs 51.6%). 226, 236 e1236.e14 (2022). 4% of cases) without NHS numbers were excluded from our primary analysis. Most hospitalized children were unvaccinated, and nearly one in three were Black. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of U.S. regulators had authorized the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years in October, prior to the Omicron surge. To update your cookie settings, please visit the, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00462-7, Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England: a cohort study, https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/scientific-brief-omicron-variant.html, https://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/now-casting/report-on-nowcasting-and-forecasting-9th-december-2021/, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1050999/Technical-Briefing-35-28January2022.pdf, https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/severity-of-omicron-variant-of-concern-and-vaccine-effectiveness-, https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-50-severity-omicron/, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.22269179, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.20.22269406, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.22269148, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1054071/vaccine-surveillance-report-week-6.pdf, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigation-of-sars-cov-2-variants-routine-variant-data-update, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nhs-test-and-trace-statistics-england-methodology/nhs-test-and-trace-statistics-england-methodology, https://www.england.nhs.uk/contact-us/privacy-notice/national-flu-vaccination-programme/, https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-sets/emergency-care-data-set-ecds, https://digital.nhs.uk/services/secondary-uses-service-sus, https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/covid-19-hospital-activity/, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.13.21262014, View Large Perm. ** Total hospitalizations include data from selected counties in 14 COVID-NET states irrespective of vaccination status and includes adults with partial or unknown vaccination status. Vaccination offers the best way to protect against COVID-19 and its complications. During the Omicron dominant period, receipt of 2 doses during pregnancy reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 21% (95% CI: 21, 48) during the first 2 months of life, 14% (95% CI: 8, 32) during the first 4 months of life, and 13% (95% CI: 3, 26) during the first 6 months of life (Table2). From Jan 1 to Mar 16, 2022, when Omicron was predominant, 4,781 (0.02%) of 19,473,570 booster recipients died of COVID-19, and 58,020 (0.3%) died of other causes. N. Engl. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. Estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron or delta symptomatic infection and severe outcomes. Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. Hospitalization rates during peak Omicron circulation (January 2022) among unvaccinated adults remained 12 times the rates among vaccinated adults who received booster or additional doses and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Just 28% of children in the age group - around 8 million . Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 in pregnancy during periods of delta and Omicron variant predominance in the United States. We calculated VE as 100% multiplied by 1- OR. and JavaScript. Most mothers (1032 of 1138) who received only one dose received the vaccine during the third trimester. However, linking is sometimes not possible because CDC does not receive personally identifiable information about vaccine doses. Monthly incidence is based on SARS-CoV-2 positive test result date or, if not known, hospital admission date. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a larger proportion of hospitalized Black adults were unvaccinated. CAS J. The finding that maternal vaccination was less effective at protecting infants during the Omicron dominant period is also consistent with previous studies which have reported decreased effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during Omicron among children and adults14,20. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. Pregnant women were excluded because their reasons for hospital admission (4) might differ from those for nonpregnant persons. endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Ousseny Zerbo. Using previously described methods (3), investigators collected clinical data on a representative sample of adult patients (7.9%) hospitalized during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022, stratified by age and COVID-NET site. COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. We monitored the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (anti-N) and spike protein (anti-S) antibodies in blood donors across Canada from September 2021 to June 2022 in 202,123 . The study had limitations worth noting. Andrews, N. et al. PubMed Central Stock, Jade Carruthers, Rachael Wood, Joshua Guedalia, Michal Lipschuetz, Ofer Beharier, Tobias Homan, Sara Mazzilli, Domenico Martinelli, Manaf AlQahtani, Xing Du, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Jussipekka Salo, Milla Hgg, Lauri Sksvuori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nature Communications RESP-NET: COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization Rates among Adults Ages 65 Years and Older CDC's Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) shows that overall weekly rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations have declined for all age groups from a peak in December 2022. Wkly. After the emergence of the Omicron variant, the rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the United States was 10.5 times higher in unvaccinated adults and 2.5 times higher in those who were vaccinated but received no booster than in booster recipients, according to a new study. 189, 13791388 (2020). During the proxy omicron period, we found a vaccine effectiveness of 70% (95% confidence interval . https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, ** https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, On August 13, 2021, CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued the first of several recommendations for additional or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Zerbo, O. et al. Vaccine 31, 21652168 (2013). Compared with the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of unvaccinated hospitalized Black adults increased during the Omicron-predominant period. During the Omicron-predominant period, weekly COVID-19associated hospitalization rates (hospitalizations per 100,000 adults) peaked at 38.4, compared with 15.5 during Delta predominance. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. Stay up to date with what you want to know. Shimabukuro, T. T. et al.

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