Grasslands cover about half of the country. The Andes mountain range crosses the northwestern region of the country, with the highest peak Pico Bolivar reaching heights of 5,007m (16,427ft). ), China 28%, United States 22%, Brazil 8%, Spain 6%, Mexico 6% (2019), refined petroleum, rice, corn, tires, soybean meal, wheat (2019), $9.794 billion (31 December 2017 est. ), conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuelaconventional short form: Venezuelalocal long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuelalocal short form: Venezuelaformer: State of Venezuela, Republic of Venezuela, United States of Venezuelaetymology: native stilt-houses built on Lake Maracaibo reminded early explorers Alonso de OJEDA and Amerigo VESPUCCI in 1499 of buildings in Venice and so they named the region "Venezuola," which in Italian means "Little Venice", name: Caracasgeographic coordinates: 10 29 N, 66 52 Wtime difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: named for the native Caracas tribe that originally settled in the city's valley site near the Caribbean coast, 23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, La Guaira, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulianote: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands, history: many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999amendments: proposed through agreement by at least 39% of the National Assembly membership, by the president of the republic in session with the cabinet of ministers, or by petition of at least 15% of registered voters; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly and simple majority approval in a referendum; amended 2009; note - in 2016, President MADURO issued a decree to hold an election to form a constituent assembly to change the constitution; the election in July 2017 approved the formation of a 545-member constituent assembly and elected its delegates, empowering them to change the constitution and dismiss government institutions and officials, civil law system based on the Spanish civil code, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; reduced to five years in the case of applicants from Spain, Portugal, Italy, or a Latin American or Caribbean country, chief of state: Notification Statement: the United States recognizes Juan GUAIDO as the Interim President of VenezuelaPresident Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); election last held on 20 May 2018 (next election in 2024)election results: 2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 68%, Henri FALCON (AP) 21%, Javier BERTUCCI 11%; note - the election was marred by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud; voter turnout was approximately 46% due largely to an opposition boycott of the election2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%, description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (277 seats; 3 seats reserved for indigenous peoples of Venezuela; members serve 5-year terms); note - in 2020, the National Electoral Council increased the number of seats in the National Assembly from 167 to 277 for the 6 December 2020 electionelections: last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)election results: percent of vote by party - GPP (pro-government) 69.3%, Democratic Alliance (opposition coalition) 17.7%, other 13%; seats by party - GPP 253, Democratic Alliance 18, indigenous peoples 3, other 3; composition - NA, highest court(s): Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into constitutional, political-administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social divisions)judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve nonrenewable 12-year terms; note - in July 2017, the National Assembly named 33 judges to the court to replace a series of judges, it argued, had been illegally appointed in late 2015 by the outgoing, socialist-party-led Assembly; the Government of President MADURO and the Socialist Party-appointed judges refused to recognize these appointments, however, and many of the new judges have since been imprisoned or forced into exilesubordinate courts: Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores); District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito); Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia); Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia); Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network, A New Era (Un Nuevo Tiempo) or UNT [Omar Enrique BARBOZA Gutierrez]Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Antonio LEDEZMA]Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano or CMC [Timoteo ZAMBRANO]Christian Democrats or COPEI [Juan Carlos ALVARADO Prato, Roberto ENRIQUEZ]Citizens Encounter or EC [Delsa SOLORZANO]Clear Accounts or CC [Enzo SCARANO]Coalition of parties loyal to Nicolas MADURO - Great Patriotic Pole or GPP [Nicolas MADURO]Coalition of opposition parties - Democratic Alliance (Alianza Democratica) (includes AD, EL CAMBIO, COPEI, CMC, and AP)Come Venezuela (Vente Venezuela) or VV [Maria Corina MACHADO]Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]Consenso en la Zona or Conenzo [Enzo SCARANO and Leon JURADO]Convergencia [Juan Jose CALDERA]Democratic Action or AD [Jose Bernabe GUTIERREZ Parra]Fatherland for All (Patria para Todos) or PPT [Ilenia MEDINA] Fuerza Vecinal or FV [leaders include mayors Gustavo DUQUE, Darwin GONZALEZ, Elias SAYEGH, Manuel FERREIRA, Josy FERNANDEZ, and Morel David RODRIGUEZ]; note - national spokesman David UZCATEGUIHope for Change (Esperanza por el Cambio) or EL CAMBIO [Javier Alejandro BERTUCCI Carrero]Justice First (Primero Justicia) or PJ [Tomas GUANIPA]LAPIZ [Antonio Domingo ECARRI Angola]Movement to Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo) or MAS [Segundo MELENDEZ] Popular Will (Voluntad Popular) or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]Progressive Advance (Avanzada Progresista) or AP [Henri FALCON]The Radical Cause or La Causa R [Andres VELAZQUEZ]United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO]Venezuela First (Primero Venezuela) or PV [Luis PARRA] Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]Venezuela Project or PV [Carlos BERRIZBEITIA]We Are Venezuela (Somos Venezuela) or MSV [Delcy RODRIGUEZ and Vanessa MONTERO], Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos Alfredo VECCHIO (since 8 April 2019)chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214FAX: [1] (202) 342-6820email address and website: despacho.embveus@mppre.gob.ve, chief of mission: James Jimmy STORY, Ambassador for the Venezuela Affairs Unit (since November 2020); note - on 11 March 2019, the Department of State announced the temporary suspension of operations of the US Embassy in Caracas and the withdrawal of diplomatic personnel; the Venezuela Affairs Unit is located at the United States Embassy in Bogota, Colombiaembassy: Venezuela Affairs Unit, Carrera 45 N. 24B-27, Bogotapreviously - F St. and Suapure St.; Urb. What country has the most Miss World winners: India or Venezuela? Venezuela's political leadership maintains an anti-U.S. government discourse, and its political climate is highly polarized and fluid. Rachael Ray to end daytime talk show after 17 years on the air, True-crime book. If you're up in the northern mountainous region, you're likely to encounter a good few downpours. Over the next 100 years, Venezuela saw many twists and turns in its development, from a period of immense wealth, prosperity, and democracy in . But CO 2 is not the only greenhouse gas that is driving global climate change. One of the greatest military victories in history, only 13 patriots died and 50 were wounded, to 200 dead and 1600 captured among the enemy. The daylight hours vary little, and the temperature differences between summer and winter are also lower. Venezuela, RB - Climatology | Climate Change Knowledge Portal Seventeen countries host around 80 per cent of Venezuelans (more than 5 million) throughout Latin America and the Caribbean - triggering the largest external displacement crisis in Latin America's recent history. Only Pico Bolivar and Pico Humboldt have their glaciers preserved, while the other peaks are exposed to nival zone conditions. 10 Fun Facts About Venezuela For Kids - Multicultural Kid Blogs Political Risk Analysis: Venezuela's Economic Crisis - Forbes (approximately $9.9 billion)2.9% of GDP (2017 est.) (approximately $7.7 billion)1.8% of GDP (2015 est.) This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. The Climate in Venezuela - SpainExchange Country Guide A comprehensive guide to the worlds best travel destinations, its print heritage stretches back more than 30 years, with the online portal reaching its 20-year anniversary in 2019. Caracas has more recently relaxed some economic controls to mitigate the impact of its sustained economic crisis, such as allowing increased currency and liberalizing import flexibility for private citizens and companies. )percent of population: 72% (2019 est. Most of the cities of Venezuela lie in this zone. )arable land: 3.1% (2018 est. )$11 billion (31 December 2016 est. The capital city of Caracas is by the largest city in Venezuela with a population of roughly 5,576,000 within 300 square miles. Venezuela is an incredibly diverse and beautiful country with a range of climates and weather. )-$3.87 billion (2016 est. The climate of Venezuela: when to go to Venezuela - Travel Guide Geography - note. )6.284 (2015 est. The climatic zone in Venezuela between 800 to 200 meters is known as the temperate zone in which, the average temperature remains between 12 to 25 C. 2- Subtropical Region. Detailed climate information with charts - average monthly weather with temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, wind, daylight, sunshine, visibility, and UV index data. Those are U.N. numbers, and Venezuela's population is just over 30 million. Physiographically, the Segovia Highlands, northwest of Barquisimeto, and the coastal ranges may also be considered parts of the Andes chain. Angel Falls, situated in the Canaima National Park is the highest waterfall in the world, plunging into the Orinoco from a height of 979m (3,212ft). The Humboldt Glacier in the Andes has been melting rapidly and will be gone before scientists even got a chance to study it fully. Venezuela is a country in northern South America.Its official name is Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela). Venezuela | Culture, Facts & Travel | - CountryReports Alternate titles: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, -19.67% (2018 est. Temperatures don't fluctuate wildly, hovering between 26C (79F) and 28C (82F) and making the country something of an all year round destination. The ministry of the Evangelical Pentecostal Union of Venezuela (UEPV) aims to be faithful to the Gospel and its challenges even in times of political and socio-economic conflicts. The climatic zone in Venezuela between 800 to 200 meters is known as the temperate zone in which, the average temperature remains between 12 to 25 C. Venezuela's teachers march for better pay amid soaring inflation. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Along the southeastern Guiana Highlands, in the region called La Gran Sabana, are Angel Falls (Parecup Mer), the highest waterfall in the world, measuring 3,212 feet (979 metres) from the cliffs of the massive Auyn tepui (Auyantepui) to the valley floor below. Although the country lies wholly within the tropics, its climate varies from tropical humid to alpine, depending on the elevation, topography, and the direction and intensity of prevailing winds. This climate can be found in the Venezuelan Andes area, between 3,200 and 4,150 m. It's characterized by temperatures from 3C (37F) to 8C (46F) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 700mm) to rainy (18002500mm) conditions. It's the most prevalent and characteristic climate of the country. Colinas de Valle Arriba; Caracas 1080mailing address: 3140 Caracas Place, Washington DC 20521-3140telephone: 1-888-407-4747, three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band; the flag retains the three equal horizontal bands and three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; yellow is interpreted as standing for the riches of the land, blue for the courage of its people, and red for the blood shed in attaining independence; the seven stars on the original flag represented the seven provinces in Venezuela that united in the war of independence; in 2006, then President Hugo CHAVEZ ordered an eighth star added to the star arc - a decision that sparked much controversy - to conform with the flag proclaimed by Simon Bolivar in 1827 and to represent the historic province of Guayana, troupial (bird); national colors: yellow, blue, red, name: "Gloria al bravo pueblo" (Glory to the Brave People)lyrics/music: Vicente SALIAS/Juan Jose LANDAETAnote: adopted 1881; lyrics written in 1810, the music some years later; both SALIAS and LANDAETA were executed in 1814 during Venezuela's struggle for independence, total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Coro and its Port (c); Canaima National Park (n); Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas (c), South American economy; ongoing hyperinflation since mid-2010s; chaotic economy due to political corruption, infrastructure cuts, and human rights abuses; in debt default; oil exporter; hydropower consumer; rising Chinese relations, $269.068 billion (2018 est. The president of the 2015 National Assembly, Juan GUAIDO is currently recognized by several countries - including the United States - as the interim president of Venezuela, while MADURO is recognized by most countries. Mild or Temperate climate can be found in the mountainous areas between 1,350-1,600 to 2,400 m. It features temperatures around 13C (55F) to 18C (64F) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 700mm) to pluvial (more than 3300mm) conditions. What Is the Climate Like in Venezuela? | USA Today ), total subscriptions: 5,251,182 (2020 est. In 1914, the first oil well in the country of Venezuela, Zumaque-I, opened for the first time. It covers all aspects, from cities to airports, cruise ports to ski and beach resorts, attractions to events, and it also includes weekly travel news, features and quizzes. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. The Mangoes Are Ripe in Caracas. Venezuela by Matthias Mullie on Unsplash. Discover the climate and geography of Venezuela - World Travel Guide Worsened living conditions have prompted over 6 million Venezuelans to migrate, mainly settling in nearby countries. U.S. Policy The U.S. government ceased recognizing Maduro as Venezuela's legitimate president in January 2019. Important topographical features include the Orinoco river, the largest river in South America after the Amazon, at a length of 2,140km (1,330 miles), and the dramatic table top mountains known as tepuis, which are found in the Guyana highlands. World Report 2021: Venezuela | Human Rights Watch ), total petroleum production: 604,800 bbl/day (2021 est. Trailblazer: First woman in Congress opposed US entry into both world wars. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )6.284 (2014 est. Fitch rating: RD (2017)Moody's rating: WR (2019)Standard & Poors rating: SD (2017)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Weather and climate Venezuela's location perched 8 above the equator, means it generally enjoys a balmy warm climate. Venezuela's location perched 8 above the equator, means it generally enjoys a balmy warm climate. Humanity's insistence on unsustainable development and rising greenhouse gas emissions will make the settlements of millions of people increasingly prone to extreme weather events and full-blown natural disasters. )exports: 870 million kWh (2019 est. Some 5.5 million of an estimated 32 million Venezuelans have fled their country since 2014, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported in October. )industry: 40.4% (2017 est. Venezuela climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation Mangrove trees grow in swampy areas of the coast. The coldest is Capital. )spirits: 0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Take our news quiz. Depending on the season, the average daytime temperatures . The Most Important Climate Regions of Venezuela - science - 2023 This climate zone is present in towns like Apartaderos and Llano del Hato. Please be respectful of copyright. Broken clouds. Inflation is expected to top 1600% this year. From the Orinoco through the southernmost (Amazonas) territory bordering Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana are the vast Guiana Highlands, or Guayana, largely an upland surface of rounded hills and narrow valleys formed from ancient crystalline rocks. Farther east is the Orinoco delta, which opens onto the Atlantic Ocean through a number of distributaries (caos); an early gateway to the settlement of the interior, it is a low, dank, and swampy area heavily dissected by streams. Venezuela Table of Contents. In Venezuela is typical of desert and arid coastal areas and with annual temperatures above 18C. Unauthorized . The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. For example, places closer to the equator are warmer than places near the poles. Venezuela's rainy season runs from May to December. ), salt water lake(s): Lago de Maracaibo - 13,010 sq km, Rio Negro (shared with Colombia [s] and Brazil [m]) - 2,250 km; Orinoco river source and mouth (shared with Colombia) - 2,101 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: Amazon (6,145,186 sq km), Orinoco (953,675 sq km), most of the population is concentrated in the northern and western highlands along an eastern spur at the northern end of the Andes, an area that includes the capital of Caracas, subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts, note 1: the country lies on major sea and air routes linking North and South America, note 2: Venezuela has some of the most unique geology in the world; tepuis are massive table-top mountains of the western Guiana Highlands that tend to be isolated and thus support unique endemic plant and animal species; their sheer cliffsides account for some of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world including Angel Falls, the world's highest (979 m) that drops off Auyan Tepui, unspecified Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, Indigenous. It occupies a roughly triangular area that is larger than the combined areas of France and Germany. Temperatures do not vary much, but the factor that causes the difference between the types of climate in addition to altitude is humidity. Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America, between 0 degrees 5' and 12 degrees 15 N, and 59 degrees 45' and 73 degrees 09 W. It covers 352,150 square miles. This climate can be found in mountainous areas around 2,400 to 3,200 m specifically in Sierra de Perija, Cordillera de Mrida, higher elevations at Venezuelan Coastal Range and higher tepuis (Monte Roraima, Kukenan, Cerro Marahuaca, Chimant Massif). Columbus Travel Media Ltd. All rights reserved 2023, Due to the impact of COVID-19, you are recommended to check travel restrictions from your government sources and contact local venues to verify any new rules, Caracas Simn Bolvar International Airport. Need travel inspiration? Venezuela - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help As if you are on the roof of the world. Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana, total: 912,050 sq kmland: 882,050 sq kmwater: 30,000 sq km, almost six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California, total: 5,267 kmborder countries (3): Brazil 2,137 km; Colombia 2,341 km; Guyana 789 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 15 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands, Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast, highest point: Pico Bolivar 4,978 mlowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 mmean elevation: 450 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds, agricultural land: 24.5% (2018 est. It's characterized by average temperatures below 10C in all 12 months of the year: Also known as pramo climate, this climate often undergo a sudden and drastic change in daily-weather in which they fluctuate between temperatures from below freezing to as high as 20C. Thus Venezuela climate ranges from alpine to tropical humid, even though the country is located completely within the tropical temperate zone. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 146,101.7% (2019 est. World Report 2022: Venezuela | Human Rights Watch It can be found in the country's mountainous areas between 650 and 1,350-1,600 m This climate zone is present in cities like Mrida, San Cristbal, Caracas, Sanare, Villa de Cura, Ejido, Trujillo, Escuque, Rubio, Tovar, Bocon, Duaca, Bejuma, Los Teques, Nirgua, Santa Elena de Uairen, among others. It is warm to hot all year round, inviting bathing at average water temperatures of 29 degrees. The highest point in the Venezuelan Andes is Bolvar Peak (La Columna), which rises to 16,332 feet (4,978 metres) in the Cordillera de Mrida. What's the coldest temperature in Venezuela? - 2023 The islands and coastal plains are located in the north. ), total subscriptions: 13,476,300 (2019)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47.26 (2019), general assessment: Venezuelas fixed-line teledensity was relatively high for the region before the steady growth in the number of lines came to an end in 2015; since then, the number of lines has plummeted, and by late 2021 teledensity had fallen to about 17.3%; the cause is largely linked to the countrys ongoing economic troubles, which have compelled many people to terminate fixed-line telecom services and others still to flee the country; these pressures have also distorted sector revenue and have placed into disarray operators investment plans aimed at improving networks and expanding the reach and capabilities of new technologies and services; the fixed broadband penetration rate is lower than the regional average, while data speeds are also relatively low; there is no effective competition in the provision of DSL, and as a result the state-owned incumbent CANTV has had little incentive to improve services from its meager revenue streams; mobile penetration in Venezuela is also below the regional average; the number of mobile subscribers fell by an estimated 2.4% in 2020, year-on-year, as subscribers terminated services in a bid to reduce discretionary spending, this decline is expected to continue into 2022, with subscriber growth not returning until 2023 (2021)domestic: two domestic satellite systems with three earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; 3 major providers operate in the mobile market and compete with state-owned company; fixed-line over 18 per 100 and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership about 63 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 58; landing points for the Venezuela Festoon, ARCOS, PAN-AM, SAC, GlobeNet, ALBA-1 and Americas II submarine cable system providing connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, Venezuela has a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media that are subject to high levels of regime control, including the shuttering of opposition-leaning media outlets; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a regime-backed Pan-American channel; 3 regime-run radio networks officially control roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; regime-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2021), total: 20,531,397 (2019 est.

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